Open Textbook Author Journeys: Internal Conversations and Cycles of Time

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i3.6136

Keywords:

agency, open textbooks, social justice, social realism

Abstract

One of the challenges experienced in South African higher education (HE) is a lack of access to affordable, appropriate textbooks and other teaching materials that can be legally shared on online forums and the Internet. There are also increasing calls to address transformation and social justice globally and in South African HE through curriculum transformation. This article draws on the research of the Digital Open Textbooks for Development initiative at the University of Cape Town (UCT). It presents the journeys of four open textbook authors at UCT in relation to the social injustices they witness in their classrooms. It also makes use of Margaret Archer’s social realist approach to explore dynamics related to open textbook authors’ agency and ultimate concerns, as well as how their internal conversations shape their practices and approaches to open textbooks. Open textbooks are framed as a set of practices that play out in varying cycles of time and hold promise in terms of addressing the need for greater access and inclusivity in HE.

Author Biographies

Glenda Cox, University of Cape Town

Senior Lecturer, Centre for Innovation in Learning and Teaching

Michelle Willmers, University of Cape Town

Publishing and Implementation Manager, Centre for Innovation in Learning and Teaching

Bianca Masuku, University of Cape Town

Junior Research Fellow, Centre for Innovation in Learning and Teaching

References

Archer, M. S. (2003). Structure, agency, and the internal conversation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139087315

Archer, M. S. (2005). Structure, culture and agency. In M. Jacobs & N. Hanrahan (Eds.), The Blackwell companion to the sociology of culture (pp. 17–34). Blackwell Publishing. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Blackwell+Companion+to+the+Sociology+of+Culture-p-9780631231745

Archer, M. S. (2007). Making our way through the world: Human reflexivity and social mobility. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618932

Archer, M. S. (2012). The reflexive imperative in late modernity (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139108058

Archer, M. S. (2016). The internal conversation: Mediating between structure and agency [Data collection]. Economic and Social Research Council. https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-850178

Baker, J., & Hood, J. (2011). 7 things you should know about open textbook publishing. Educause Learning Initiative. https://library.educause.edu/resources/2011/3/7-things-you-should-know-about-open-textbook-publishing

Bethel, E. (2020). Open textbooks: Quality and relevance for postsecondary study in the Bahamas. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(2), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v21i2.4598

Black, S., Spreen, C., & Vally, S. (2020). Education, COVID-19 and care: Social inequality and social relations of value in South Africa and the United States. Southern African Review of Education, 26(1), 40–61. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-sare-v26-n1-a4

Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., & Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of online open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v18i1.3972

Caetano, A. (2014). Defining personal reflexivity: A critical reading of Archer’s approach. European Journal of Social Theory, 18(1), 60–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431014549684

Cox, G. (2016). Explaining the relations between culture, structure and agency in lecturers' contribution and non-contribution to Open Educational Resources in a higher education institution. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Humanities, School of Education]. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20300

Cox, G., Masuku, B., & Willmers, M. (2020). Open textbooks and social justice: Open educational practices to address economic, cultural and political injustice at the University of Cape Town. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1(2), pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.556

Cronin, C. (2017). Openness and praxis: Exploring the use of open educational practices in higher education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(5). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i5.3096

Cronin. C. (2020). Open education: Walking a critical path. In D. Conrad, & P. Prinsloo (Eds.), Open(ing) education: Theory and practice (pp. 9–25). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004422988_002

Czerniewicz, L., Agherdien, N., Badenhorst, J., Belluigi, D., Chambers, T., Chili, M., de Villiers, M., Felix, A., Gachago, D., Gokhale, C., Ivala, E., Kramm, N., Madiba, M., Mistri, G., Mgqwashu, E., Pallitt, N., Prinsloo, P., Solomon, K., Strydom, S., … & Wissing, G. (2020). A wake-up call: Equity, inequality and COVID-19 emergency remote teaching and learning. Postdigital Science and Education, 2, 946–967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00187-4

Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). (2020). Students’ access to and use of learning materials: Survey report 2020. https://www.usaf.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/DHET_SAULM-Report-2020.pdf

Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). (2021). Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth in the post school education and training (PSET) sector in South Africa. https://www.dhet.gov.za/SiteAssets/Media%20Advisory%20and%20Statements%202021/PSET%20Youth%20survey%20presentation_April%202021.pdf

Digital Open Textbooks for Development. (2021, October 27). Open textbooks in South African higher education: Towards a national agenda. http://www.dot4d.uct.ac.za/news/open-textbooks-south-african-higher-education-towards-national-agenda

Fraser, N. (2005). Reframing justice in a globalizing world. New Left Review, 36, 69–88. https://newleftreview.org/II/36/nancy-fraser-reframing-justice-in-a-globalizing-world

Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Continuum. https://envs.ucsc.edu/internships/internship-readings/freire-pedagogy-of-the-oppressed.pdf

Frydenberg, J., & Matkin, G. W. (2007, October). Open textbooks: Why? What? When? How? Report to the William & Flora Hewlett Foundation.

https://hewlett.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/OpenTextbooks.pdf

Golob, T., & Makarovic, M. (2019). Reflexivity and structural positions: The effects of generation, gender and education. Social Sciences, 8(9), Article 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8090248

Havemann, L. (2016). Open Educational Resources. In M. A. Peters (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7

Hodgkinson-Williams, C., & Arinto, P. B. (Eds.). (2017, December 15). Adoption and impact of OER in the Global South. African Minds, International Development Research Centre, & Research on Open Educational Resources for Development. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1005330

Hölscher, D., & Bozalek, V. (2020). Nancy Fraser’s work and its relevance to higher education. In V. Bozalek, D. Holscher, & M. Zembylas (Eds.), Nancy Fraser and participatory parity: Reframing social justice in South African higher education (pp. 3–19). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Nancy-Fraser-and-Participatory-Parity-Reframing-Social-Justice-in-South/Bozalek-Holscher-Zembylas/p/book/9780367505394

Inefuku, H. W. (2017, July 3). Globalization, open access, and the democratization of knowledge. Educause Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2017/7/globalization-open-access-and-the-democratization-of-knowledge

Jenkins, J. J., Sanchez, L. A., Schraedley, M. A. K., Hannas, J., Navick, N., & Young, J. (2020). Textbook broke: Textbook affordability as a social justice issue. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.549

Jhangiani, R. S., & DeRosa, R. (2017). Open pedagogy and social justice. Digital Pedagogy Lab. http://www.digitalpedagogylab.com/open-pedagogy-social-justice/

Jhangiani, R. S., Green, A. G., & Belshaw, J. D. (2016). Three approaches to open textbook development. In P. Blessinger & T. J. Bliss (Eds.), Open education: International perspectives in higher education (pp. 179–197). Open Book Publishers. https://books.openedition.org/obp/3563?lang=en

Lambert, S. R. (2018). Changing our (dis)course: A distinctive social justice aligned definition of open education. Journal of Learning for Development, 5(3), 225–244. http://hdl.handle.net/11599/3101

Leibowitz, B. (2017). Cognitive justice and the higher education curriculum. Journal of Education (University of KwaZulu-Natal), 68, 93–112. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2520-98682017000100006&lng=en&tlng=en

Masuku, B., Willmers, M., & Cox, G. (2021). DOT4D Background, Technology Fluency and Personal Reflection Survey. Research instrument. University of Cape Town. https://doi.org/10.25375/uct.15066639.v1

Mendy, J., & Madiope, M. (2020). Curriculum transformation implementation in a South African university: Towards a new professional development framework. Preprint. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339740060_Curriculum_transformation_implementation_in_a_South_African_University_Towards_a_new_Professional_Development_Framework

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Morris-Babb, M., & Henderson, S. (2012). An experiment in open-access textbook publishing: Changing the world one textbook at a time. Journal of Scholarly Publishing, 43(2), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.3138/jsp.43.2.148

Moxley, J. (2013). Open textbook publishing. Academe, 99(5), 40–43. https://www.aaup.org/article/open-textbook-publishing#.Yikmy3rMJD8

Phillippi, J., & Lauderdale, J. (2018). A guide to field notes for qualitative research: Context and conversation. Qualitative Health Research, 28(3), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732317697102

Pitt, R., Jordan, K., de los Arcos, B., Farrow, R., & Weller, M. (2020). Supporting open educational practices through open textbooks. Distance Education, 41, 2. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2020.1757411

Robinson, R. S. (2014). Purposive sampling. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2337

Soudien, C. (2020). Complexities of difference and their significance for managing inequality in learning: Lessons from the COVID-19 crisis. Prospects, 49, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09486-x

Published

2022-09-01

How to Cite

Cox, G., Willmers, M., & Masuku, B. (2022). Open Textbook Author Journeys: Internal Conversations and Cycles of Time. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 23(3), 134–152. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i3.6136

Issue

Section

Research Articles

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
8
2.4

Reviewer profiles  N/A

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
No
32%
Competing interests 
N/A
11%
Metric
This journal
Other journals
Articles accepted 
86%
33%
Days to publication 
350
145

Indexed in

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
N/A
Publisher 
Athabasca University Press