Are We Asking Too Much of OER? A Conversation on OER from OE Global 2023

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v25i4.7744

Keywords:

open educational resources, OER, Carol Bacchi, disruption, textbooks

Abstract

This paper examines the pervasive discourse of disruption in OER literature by recounting a facilitated conversation hosted at the 2023 Open Education Global conference held in Edmonton, Alberta. This dialogue used Bacchi’s “what is the problem represented to be” (WPR) approach to structure the conversation in four movements. The first movement problematized the concept of OER by discussing the educational challenges OER supposedly addresses, such as the high cost of textbooks. The second movement considered the genealogy, historical development, and philosophical underpinnings of OER. The third movement accounted for the disruptors within the OER movement, exploring what OER have disrupted and discussing if disruption is even a legitimate goal of OER. The fourth and final movement pivoted to examine resistors and forms of resistance to OER, including the protection of intellectual property rights, copyright concerns, and Marcuse’s idea of repressive tolerance. This single conversation generated a small but important piece of social intelligence within a much larger dialogue about open education, open pedagogy, and OER during a time of flux (characterized by intense politicization, the relentless progression of educational technology, the intensification of marketization, and the growing popularity of all-inclusive textbooks). This social intelligence can be used to guide the next transition phase for OER development. While the conversation does not offer tidy solutions or even clear recommendations, it does suggest that the next wave of OER practitioners would always do well to focus on the goals OER can achieve, not what they hope to disrupt. 

Author Biographies

Chad Flinn, Red Deer Polytechnic

Chad Flinn is the Associate Vice President Academic at Red Deer Polytechnic. Chad is an educator and postsecondary administrator committed to innovation, equity, diversity, inclusion (EDI), and sustainable education. His background includes a Master of Arts in Learning and Technology and ongoing doctoral studies in Higher Educational Leadership.

During his tenure as Dean of Trades and Technology at Medicine Hat College, Chad helped found the Centre for Innovation and established a comprehensive Work-Integrated Learning framework. These initiatives aligned closely with industry needs and the principles of UNESCO’s Sustainable Development Goals, focusing on quality education, reduced inequalities, and responsible practices.

Chad has also served as Co-Chair of the National Council of Deans of Apprenticeship, Trades, and Technology and contributed to training programs in African vocational institutes through the Commonwealth of Learning. This international work has broadened his perspectives and enhanced his leadership capabilities.

With a dedication to lifelong learning and an approach that values practical and strategic educational advancements, Chad Flinn aims to make a solid contribution to the evolving field of polytechnic education, focusing on effective and relevant educational practices.

Jason Openo, Medicine Hat College

Jason Openo is Dean of the School of Health and Community Services at Medicine Hat College. He holds a Doctorate of Education in Distance Education through Athabasca University and is the co-author of Assessment Strategies in Online Learning Contexts: Engagement and Authenticity. He taught leadership and management principles for over 10 years, including teaching positions at MacEwan University and the University of Alberta's Graduate School of Library and Information Studies. He is a MOOC educator through the Commonwealth of Learning, and his other work has been published in the Second Handbook of Academic Integrity, the Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Canadian Perspectives on Academic Integrity, and Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology. His most recent project is a co-edited work entitled Academic Integrity and the Role of the Academic Library: Institutional Examples and Promising Practices due out in late 2024. 

References

Anderson, T., & McGreal, R. (2012). Disruptive pedagogies and technologies in universities. Educational Technology & Society, 15(4), 380–389. https://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.15.4.380

Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing policy: What’s the problem represented to be? Pearson.

Bates, T. (2011, February 6). OERs: The good, the bad and the ugly. Online Learning and Distance Education Resources. https://www.tonybates.ca/2011/02/06/oers-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/

Bliss, T. J., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J. & Wiley, D. A. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of open educational resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education. 2013(1), art. 4. https://jime.open.ac.uk/articles/10.5334/2013-04

Bliss, T. J., & Smith, M. (2017). A brief history of open educational resources. In R. S. Jhangiani and R. Biswas-Diener (Eds.), Open: The philosophy and practices that are revolutionizing education and science (pp. 9–27). Ubiquity Press. https://doi.org/10.5334/bbc.b

Bower, J. L., & Christensen, C. M. (1995). Disruptive technologies: Catching the wave. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1995/01/disruptive-technologies-catching-the-wave

Bretag, T., Harper, R., Burton, M., Ellis, C., Newton, P., Rozenberg, P., Saddiqui, S., & van Haeringen, K. (2019). Contract cheating: A survey of Australian university students. Studies in Higher Education, 44(11), 1837–1856. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1462788

Casserly, C. M. (2007). The economics of open educational resources. Educational Technology, 47(6), 14–19. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44429521

Curcic, D. (2023, June 9). Educational book sales statistics. WordsRated. https://wordsrated.com/educational-book-sales-statistics/

den Hond, F., & de Bakker, F. G. A. (2007). Ideologically motivated activism: How activist groups influence corporate social change activities. Academy of Management Review 32(3), 901–924. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20159341

Falk, J. (2021, August 31). OpenStax surpasses $1 billion in textbook savings. Rice News. https://news.rice.edu/news/2021/openstax-surpasses-1-billion-textbook-savings

Jhangiani, R., & Jhangiani, S. (2017). Investigating the perceptions, use, and impact of open textbooks: A survey of post-secondary students in British Columbia. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 18(4), 172–192. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1146242.pdf

Kadlec, A. (2006). Reconstructing Dewey: The philosophy of critical pragmatism. Polity, 38(4), 519–542. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.polity.2300067

Kadlec, A. (2008). Critical pragmatism and deliberative democracy. Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory, 117, 54–80. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41802414

Lederman, D. (2021, March 17). Awareness of open educational resources grows, but adoption doesn’t. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2021/03/18/pandemic-didnt-speed-adoption-open-educational-resources-outlook

Lent, J. (2021). The web of meaning: Integrating science and traditional wisdom to find our place in the universe. New Society Publishers.

Marcuse, H. (1969). Repressive tolerance. In R.P. Wolff, B. Moore Jr., & H. Marcuse (Eds.), A critique of pure tolerance (pp. 95-137). Beacon Press. https://www.marcuse.org/herbert/publications/1960s/1965-repressive-tolerance-fulltext.html

Nagle, C., & Vitez, K. (2021, February). Fixing the broken textbook market. US PIRG Education Fund. https://pirg.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Fixing-the-Broken-Textbook-Market-3e-February-2021.pdf

Open Education Global. (n.d.). What we do. https://www.oeglobal.org/about-us/what-we-do/

Seaman, J. E., & Seaman, J. (2023). Digitally established: Educational resources in US higher education, 2023. Bay View Analytics. https://www.bayviewanalytics.com/reports/digitallyestablished-2023.pdf

Selwyn, N. (2014). Distrusting educational technology: Critical questions for changing times. Routledge.

Tawell, A., & McCluskey, G. (2022). Utilising Bacchi’s what’s the problem represented to be? (WPR) approach to analyse national school exclusion policy in England and Scotland: A worked example. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 45(2), 137–149. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/1743727X.2021.1976750

Weller, M. (2014). The battle for open: How openness won and why it doesn’t feel like victory. Ubiquity Press. https://doi.org/10.5334/bam

Wiley, D. (2006). A brief history of OER. Hewlett Foundation. https://hewlett.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/HistoryofOER.pdf

Published

2024-10-28

How to Cite

Flinn, C., & Openo, J. (2024). Are We Asking Too Much of OER? A Conversation on OER from OE Global 2023. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 25(4), 201–214. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v25i4.7744

Issue

Section

Notes From Leadership in Open and Distance Learning

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
2
2.4

Reviewer profiles  N/A

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
No
32%
Competing interests 
N/A
11%
Metric
This journal
Other journals
Articles accepted 
86%
33%
Days to publication 
286
145

Indexed in

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
N/A
Publisher 
Athabasca University Press