Shea, Peter, Suzanne Hayes, and Jason Vickers. 2010. “Online Instructional Effort Measured through the Lens of Teaching Presence in the Community of Inquiry Framework: A Re-Examination of Measures and Approach”. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 11 (3):127-54. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v11i3.915.